Release behavior of antifouling materials based on intercalated layered double hydroxides

摘要

Improving the utilization rate of environmentally friendly antifouling agents is highly important for reducing the economic costs of ship operations and protecting the marine environment. In this work, a new method for preparing a multistage controlled release material of an environmentally friendly antifouling agent, wh ich first incorporates 2 -(p-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-4-bromo-5-trifluoromethyl pyrrole (Econea) into carboxyl-modified β-cyclodextrin (Econea@CMCD) followed by intercalation into Mg2Al layered double hydroxides (Mg 2Al-Econea@CMCD-LDH), was reported. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT -IR) confirmed the incorporation of Econea@CMCD into the galleries of Mg 2Al-LDH. Release tests conducted in 3.5% NaCl solution demonstrated an initial burst release, followed by a slower release rate of Econea (12.3 μ g/cm2· d) compared to that of the pristine Econea coating, indicating favorable control led release behavior. Adhesion experiments using diatoms and mussels showed that Mg 2Al-Econea@CMCD-LDH effectively inhibited the adhesion of typical fouling organisms. Hence, this study presents a practical approach for constructing a controlled release system that involves intercalating neutral and insoluble antifouling agents into LDH interlayers, effectively reducing the waste of antifouling agents and extending the service life of antifouling coatings.